This sections aims at discussing the recent proliferation of debates on Communism in local, national, and international venues by focusing on the writing of the history of Communism (text books, museums, historical debates); the legal assessment of Communism (domestic laws, trials, management of Communist archives, and transitional justice institutions); and the internationalization of narratives and norms (symbolic condemnation of the “crimes of Communism” by the Council of Europe and the European Union, case law of the European Court of Human Rights).